Types of Sentences (वाक्य के प्रकार)

जब आप अंग्रेज़ी सीखने की शुरूआत करते हैं, तो सबसे पहली बात आप सीखते हैं Types of Sentences – Sentence क्या होते हैं और कितने Types के होते हैं, इससे आपको English Grammar पर पकड बनाने में आसानी होती है।
A set of words that is complete in itself is called a sentence.

किसी भी भाषा में कुछ भी लिखने या कहने के लिए शब्दों के समूहों का प्रयोग होता है। शब्दों का ऐसा समूह जिससे कही गयी बात का भाव पूरी तरह स्पष्ट हो, उसे वाक्य कहते हैं। मतलब यह कि वाक्य वो है जिससे उस वाक्य को सुनने वाले को पूर्ण सन्देश पता चल पाये।
In every language, there is a need for a group of words to communicate. Such a group of words that communicate a complete message is called a sentence.

There are different classifications to categorize the sentences.

Classification 1 (वर्गीकरण 1)

1. Assertive/Declarative Sentences (वर्णनात्मक / स्वीकारात्मक / घोषणात्मक वाक्य)
ऐसे वाक्यों में कुछ बताया जाता है या किसी बात का वर्णन होता है। कोई भी बात चाहे वो एक तथ्य हो या एक सोच। (Such sentences state a fact, opinion, or idea.)
1) I like Ravi and Uday but I like Ranjan the most.
2) I left on time, but I couldn’t reach early.
3) He is the best person I have ever found in my life.
4) I don’t think this movie is worth watching.
5) Her mother sacrificed a lot to make her a top actress.

2. Interrogative Sentences (प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य):
ऐसे वाक्य जिनमें कोई प्रश्न पूछा जाता है। (Sentences, in which a question is asked.)
1) Do you know me?
2) Did he come home yesterday?
3) How could you be so selfish?
4) When is he coming tomorrow?
5) How often do you meet him?

3. Imperative Sentences (आज्ञासूचक वाक्य):
ऐसे वाक्य जो आज्ञा, आदेश या प्रार्थना व्यक्त करें। (Sentences, which are used to permit, command, or request are known as Imperative sentences.)
1) Don’t play with him.
2) Call him right away.
3) Come here.
4) Always sleep on time.
5) Please don’t talk to me.

4. Exclamatory Sentences (विस्मयादिबोधक वाक्य):
ऐसे वाक्य जिनमें अचानक मन में उत्पन्न हुई भावनाओं जैसे खुशी, दुख, हैरानी, डर आदि की अभिव्यक्ति हो। (Sentences, which are used to express sudden emotions such as joy, grief, surprise, shock, fear, etc.)

1) Thank you so much! Wow! Awesome!
2) Oh no! How tragic! Not good!
3) It’s unbelievable! Incredible! Oh my God!
4) Thank God! What a cute baby!
5) It’s scary!
6) I got three movie tickets for tomorrow!
7) He is mad or what!
8) You are going to school! I can’t believe it!
9) Wow! We won the match!

5. Optative Sentences (इच्छासूचक वाक्य):
ऐसे वाक्य जिनमें किसी व्यक्ति के लिए कोई दुआ, बद्दुआ आदि माँगी गयी हो या फिर कोई प्रार्थना की गयी हो। (Sentences, which are used to wish, pray or curse for self or others.)
1) Wish you a very happy birthday!
2) May you get a good job!
3) May your team win the match today!
4) God bless you!
5) I wish I were your manager.
6) I wish you were at my place.

Classification 2 (वर्गीकरण 2)

1. Affirmative Sentences (सकारात्मक वाक्य)
ऐसे वाक्य जिनमें न तो नहीं का प्रयोग किया गया हो, और न ही कोई प्रश्न पूछा गया हो। (A sentence that doesn’t negate a statement, not questions either.)

1) He was peeping through the window.
    वह खिड़की से झांक रहा था।
2) You are my favourite player.
आप मेरे पसंदीदा खिलाड़ी हैं।

2. Negative Sentences (नकारात्मक वाक्य):
ऐसे वाक्य जिनमें नहीं का प्रयोग जरूर हो पर कोई प्रश्न न पूछा गया हो। (A negative sentence says that something is incorrect or not true.)

1) He was not peeping through the window.
वह खिड़की से नहीं झांक रहा था।
2) You are not my favourite player.
आप मेरे पसंदीदा खिलाड़ी नहीं हैं।

3. Interrogative Sentences (प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य):
ऐसे वाक्य जिनमें कोई प्रश्न पूछा गया हो। (A sentence that ask a question.)

1) Did he meet you that day?
क्या वो उस दिन आपसे मिला?
2) Have you seen a movie lately?
क्या आपने हाल ही में कोई फिल्म देखी है?

4. Negative Interrogative Sentences (नकारात्मक प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य):
ऐसे वाक्य जो नकारात्मक भी हों और जिनमें प्रश्न भी पूछा गया हो। (A sentence that is negative in nature and asks a question as well.)

1) Why did he not take the decision yesterday itself?
उसने कल ही फैसला क्यों नहीं लिया?
2) Have you never been in Mumbai?
क्या आप मुंबई में कभी नहीं रहे हो?

Classification 3 (वर्गीकरण 3)

1. Simple Sentence (सरल वाक्य {Saral Vaakya}) – No Action {CLICK HERE TO WATCH VIDEOS}

He is my brother.
वो मेरा भाई है।

He has four sisters.
उसकी चार बहने हैं।

He doesn’t have any knowledge.
उसे कोई ज्ञान नहीं है।

She had no pen.
उसके पास पैन नहीं था।

My father will be at home.
मेरे पापा घर पर होंगे।

2. Tense Sentences (काल {kaal}) – Subject performs an action. {CLICK HERE TO WATCH VIDEOS}

1) He doesn’t work for me.
वो मेरे लिए काम नहीं करते।

2) Uday will complete this task single-handedly.
उदय ये काम अकेले ही पूरा करेगा।

3) I will meet you tomorrow.
मैं आपसे कल मिलूंगा।

4) Have you thought about it?
क्या आपने इसके बारे में सोचा है?

5) I always missed you.
मैंने तुम्हें हमेशा मिस किया।

3. Modal Verb Sentences {CLICK HERE TO WATCH VIDEOS}

1) It could rain today.
आज बारिश हो सकती है।

2) You should have had a pen.
आपके पास एक पेन होना चाहिए था।

3) They might have left by now.
वे अब तक चले गए होंगे।

4) We wouldn’t have to go there.
हमें वहाँ नहीं जाना पडता।

5) She may be coming today.
शायद वो आज आ रही हो।

4. Imperative Sentences {CLICK HERE TO WATCH VIDEOS}

1) Don’t play with him.
उसके साथ मत खेलो।

2) Call him right away.
उसे तुरंत बुलाओ।

3) Come here.
यहाँ आओ।

4) Always sleep on time.
हमेशा समय पर सोएं।

5) Please don’t talk to me.
कृपया मुझसे बात न करें।

5. Causative Verb Sentences {CLICK HERE TO WATCH VIDEOS}

He didn’t let me go home.
उसने मुझे घर नहीं जाने दिया

I made Vivek go back to the classroom.
मैंने विवेक को वापस क्लास में भिजवाया।

He got me to sign a letter.
उसने मुझसे एक पत्र पर हस्ताक्षर करवाये।

Please have someone call me from your company.
कृपया मुझे अपनी कंपनी से किसी से फोन करवाइए।

I got/had my hair cut (by barber).
मैंने अपने बाल कटवाए (नाई से)।

She helped me (to) reach there.
उसने मुझे वहाँ पहुँचने में मदद की।

6. Passive Voice Sentences {CLICK HERE TO WATCH VIDEOS}

1) I have been informed about it.
मुझे इस बारे में सूचित किया गया था।

2) She was sent to school.
उसे स्कूल भेजा गया।

3) They were not provided with any facilities.
उन्हें कोई भी सुविधा नहीं प्रदान की गयी।

4) You should be given the credit for all this.
आपको इन सबके लिए क्रेडिट (श्रेय) दिया जाना चाहिए।

5) It must be taken seriously.
इसे गम्भीरता से जरूर लिया जाना चाहिए।

Classification 4 (वर्गीकरण 4)

Simple Sentence (सरल वाक्य)
A simple sentence has only one independent clause. {Sub. + Verb + Obj.}

1) He has a pen.
2) We were going to the market yesterday.
3) I couldn’t do anything for you.
4) He made me complete his homework.
5) He was fired from the job.

Compound Sentence (संयुक्त वाक्य)
A compound sentence has two or more independent clauses. In such sentences, two or more independent clauses, with equal importance, are joined together by a coordinating conjunction (And, Or, Nor, So, For, But, Yet…).

1) I like you. I like Rahul. I don’t like Ravi. (Simple Sentences)
I like you and Rahul, but I don’t like Ravi. (Compound Sentence)

2) I don’t like serials. I don’t switch on the TV. (Simple Sentences)
I don’t like serials, so I don’t switch on the TV. (Compound Sentence)

3) I can come on Monday or Thursday next week. (Compound Sentence)
4) The girls sang and the boys danced. (Compound Sentence)

Complex Sentence (जटिल वाक्य)
A complex sentence has at least one independent clause plus at least one dependent clause. And, the dependent clause begins with a subordinating conjunction, i.e., when, if, because, after, although, however, until, unless, etc.

1. When I reached home, I called him.
2. If I meet him today, I will let him and his brother know the whole story.
3. He can’t come to the office today because he is unwell.
4. Ravi went to play football even though it was raining heavily yesterday.
5. Since I’ve nothing to choose from, I’ll buy this mobile.

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अगर आपको ये आर्टिकल (Type of Sentences) पसन्द आया हो, तो इसे अपने दोस्तों के साथ WhatsApp, Facebook आदि पर शेयर जरूर करिएगा। आपके प्यार व सहयोग के लिए बहुत-2 धन्यवाद। Thank you! – Aditya sir